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<channel>
	<title>Linux &#8211; dbtan 谈DB</title>
	<atom:link href="https://dbtan.com/tag/linux/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://dbtan.com</link>
	<description>dbtan 的生活、Oracle 及 Linux 等的学习笔记、观点。      说，永远易于做！</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Fri, 06 Nov 2009 06:55:36 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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	<item>
		<title>Linux和Windows下查看环境变量方法对比</title>
		<link>https://dbtan.com/2009/11/linux-or-windows-envionment-variables.html</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dbtan]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2009 04:04:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oracle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[windows]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[环境变量]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.dbtan.com/2009/11/linux-or-windows-envionment-variables.html</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[一、查看所有环境变量的名称和值： Linux下：exportWindows下：set 二、根据名称查该环境变量 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>一、查看所有环境变量的名称和值：   Linux下：exportWindows下：set  二、根据名称查该环境变量的值：   Linux下：echo $环境变量名如：echo $ORACLE_HOME  Windows下：set 环境变量名如：set ORACLE_HOME  三、设置环境变量：[......]</p>
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		<item>
		<title>LAMP实践</title>
		<link>https://dbtan.com/2009/10/lamp.html</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dbtan]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2009 13:42:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LAMP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://dbtan.com/2009/10/lamp.html</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[LAMP是Linux+Apache+Mysql+Php的简称 多进程操作为原子操作，不可分割，CPU对进程分时 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote>
<p>LAMP是Linux+Apache+Mysql+Php的简称  </p>
<p><a href="https://dbtan.com/dbtan/blog_pic/LAMPLAMP_131E8/clip_image001.gif"><img title="clip_image001" style="border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px" height="168" alt="clip_image001" src="https://dbtan.com/dbtan/blog_pic/LAMPLAMP_131E8/clip_image001_thumb.gif" width="357" border="0"/></a>  </p>
<p>多进程操作为原子操作，不可分割，CPU对进程分时操作  </p>
<p>多线程为非原子操作，线程操作不安全，当一个线程操作时需加线程锁使别的线程不能抢。  </p>
<p>一、 编译安装  </p>
<p><a href="https://dbtan.com/dbtan/blog_pic/LAMPLAMP_131E8/clip_image002.gif"><img title="clip_image002" style="border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px" height="155" alt="clip_image002" src="https://dbtan.com/dbtan/blog_pic/LAMPLAMP_131E8/clip_image002_thumb.gif" width="556" border="0"/></a>  </p>
<p>推举书籍：unix环境高级编程 第二版  <br />[......]</p>
<p class="read-more"><a href="https://dbtan.com/2009/10/lamp.html">阅读全文</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>Linux sendmail邮件服务器</title>
		<link>https://dbtan.com/2009/10/linux-sendmail.html</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dbtan]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2009 13:36:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sendmail]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://dbtan.com/2009/10/linux-sendmail.html</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[安装包：（3个） [root@vm5: ~/tqwjj]#rpm -qa &#124; grep sendmail se [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote>
<p><b>安装包：（</b><b>3</b><b>个）</b><b></b> </p>
<p>[root@vm5: ~/tqwjj]#rpm -qa | grep sendmail </p>
<p>sendmail-cf-8.13.8-2.el5 </p>
<p>sendmail-8.13.8-2.el5 </p>
<p>[root@vm5: ~/tqwjj]#rpm -qa | grep dovecot </p>
<p>dovecot-1.0-1.2.rc15.el5 </p>
<p>邮件服务器必须靠DNS解析！ </p>
<p>MTA：邮件传输代理。 </p>
<p>MUA：邮件客户代理。 </p>
<p>MDA：邮件投递。 </p>
<p><b>配置sendmail邮件服务器步骤：（基本的9步）</b> </p>
<p><b>㈠</b><b> </b><b>配置</b><b>DNS</b><b>服务器！</b><b></b> </p>
<p>见配置DNS服务器总结。 </p>
<p><b>㈡</b><b> </b><b>配置</b><b>MAIL</b><b>服务器（</b><b>sendmail</b><b>）</b><b></b> </p>
<p>sendmail主控配置文件：<b>/etc/mail/sendmail.mc</b> <br />[......]</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Linux apache服务器&#038;squid代理服务器</title>
		<link>https://dbtan.com/2009/10/linux-apache-and-squid.html</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dbtan]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2009 13:28:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[apache]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[squid]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://dbtan.com/2009/10/linux-apache-and-squid.html</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[一、apache服务器： 安装包：（一个包） [root@vm51: ~]#rpm -qa &#124; grep ht [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote>
<p><font face="黑体" size="2"><strong>一、apache服务器：</strong></font> </p>
<p><b>安装包：（一个包）</b><b></b> </p>
<p>[root@vm51: ~]#rpm -qa | grep httpd  </p>
<p>httpd-manual-2.2.3-6.el5 安装手册包后，手册在/var/www/manual/index.html </p>
<p>system-config-httpd-1.3.3.1-1.el5 </p>
<p><b>httpd-2.2.3-6.el5</b><b></b> </p>
<p><b>主控配置文件：/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</b> </p>
<p>/etc/httpd/目录，为配置文件的目录 </p>
<p>/etc/httpd/modules/ 模块 </p>
<p>/etc/httpd/run/ PID </p>
<p>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 主控配置文件 </p>
<p>/etc/httpd/conf.d/ 配置文件 </p>
<p>/etc/httpd/logs/ 日志 </p>
<p><b>[root@vm51: ~]#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</b> </p>
<p>ServerTokens OS 平台版本。OS：比较详细的级别。 </p>
<p>ServerRoot "/etc/httpd" 配置文件的路径 </p>
<p>PidFile run/httpd.pid 记录下其PID ，可用此PID关此httpd进程；还可以为文件加锁，当httpd运行时，别的进程不那改它。 </p>
<p>Timeout 120 超时时间 <br />[......]</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Linux配置文件服务器</title>
		<link>https://dbtan.com/2009/10/linux-file-servers.html</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dbtan]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2009 13:21:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ftp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nfs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[samba]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://dbtan.com/2009/10/linux-file-servers.html</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[文件服务器：samba、ftp、nfs 一、samba服务器： samba：提供与windows“网上邻居”的 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote>
<p><b>文件服务器：samba、ftp、nfs</b> </p>
<p><b>一、</b><b>samba</b><b>服务器：</b><b></b> </p>
<p>samba：提供与windows“网上邻居”的相互通信。 </p>
<p>端口：137、138、139。 </p>
<p><b>安装包：（三个包）</b><b></b> </p>
<p>[root@vm51: /etc/samba]#rpm -qf smb.conf </p>
<p><b>samba-common-3.0.23c-2</b><b></b> </p>
<p>[root@vm51: /etc/samba]#rpm -qa | grep samba </p>
<p><b>samba-client-3.0.23c-2</b><b></b> </p>
<p><b>samba-3.0.23c-2</b><b></b> </p>
<p>system-config-samba-1.2.39-1.el5 </p>
<p><b>samba-common-3.0.23c-2</b><b></b> </p>
<p><a href="https://dbtan.com/dbtan/blog_pic/Linuxlinuxfileservers_12CA0/clip_image001.gif"><img title="clip_image001" style="border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px" height="270" alt="clip_image001" src="https://dbtan.com/dbtan/blog_pic/Linuxlinuxfileservers_12CA0/clip_image001_thumb.gif" width="552" border="0"/></a> </p>
<p><b>服务器端：</b> </p>
<p><b>主控配置文件：/etc/samba/smb.conf</b> </p>
<p>分两大段：① global 全局属性；② share definitions 共享定义。 </p>
<p>[root@vm51: /etc/samba]#vim smb.conf </p>
<p># This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the <br />[......]</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Linux配置DNS服务器</title>
		<link>https://dbtan.com/2009/10/linux-dns.html</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dbtan]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2009 13:14:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dns]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://dbtan.com/2009/10/linux-dns.html</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[DNS服务器：域名→IP 完整的FQDN：www.dbtan.com. . 根域 .com .edu .org [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote>
<p><b>DNS</b><b>服务器：</b>域名→IP<b></b> </p>
<p>完整的FQDN：<a href="http://www.dbtan.com/">www.dbtan.com</a>. </p>
<p>. 根域 </p>
<p>.com .edu .org .net .cn 一级域名（顶级域名） </p>
<p>.163 .sohu 二级域名 </p>
<p>www 三级域名 </p>
<p>间接迭代（默认）：向父级查询；若没有，找根越。 </p>
<p>自己去找。 </p>
<p>递归：向上一级（父级）查询，一级一级的查询，再返回。 </p>
<p>消耗DNS服务器。 </p>
<p><b>记录类型：</b><b></b> </p>
<p>A ：A记录。 </p>
<p>PTR：反向记录，IP→域名。 </p>
<p>MX：邮件记录。 </p>
<p>SOA：起始授权记录。 </p>
<p>NS：DNS记录。 </p>
<p>CNAME：别名记录。 </p>
<p>注：SOA、NS、A记录是必不可少的。 <br />[......]</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Linux排错troubleshooting</title>
		<link>https://dbtan.com/2009/10/linux-troubleshooting.html</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dbtan]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2009 12:53:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux troubleshooting]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[排错troubleshooting：分4部分。 ⑴ boot 启动问题。 ⑵ local 系统本地问题。 ⑶  [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote>
<p><b>排错troubleshooting：分4部分。</b>  </p>
<p>⑴ boot 启动问题。  </p>
<p>⑵ local 系统本地问题。  </p>
<p>⑶ network 网络问题。  </p>
<p>⑷ server 服务问题。  </p>
<p>这里只先总结前3部分问题的排错，server服务问题会在搭建服务器时提及。  </p>
<p><b>一、boot 启动问题：</b>  </p>
<p>启动步骤：BIOS→bootloader（启动引导器，grub）→kernel→init。  </p>
<p>始前时代：init之前是始前时代。  </p>
<p><b>⒈ bios读取MBR时，MBR坏掉了，进行修复。</b>  </p>
<p><b>注：</b>MBR前446字节MBC（主引导代码）坏时，如同新的硬盘什么都没写一样，此时，是可修复的。如果，之后的64字节（DPT分区表）坏了就无法修复了。  </p>
<p><b>破坏MBR方法：</b>  </p>
<p>[root@newrhel5: ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=446 count=1  </p>
<p>1+0 records in  </p>
<p>1+0 records out  </p>
<p>446 bytes (446 B) copied, 0.000557676 seconds, 800 kB/s  <br />[......]</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Linux日志管理及项目集成</title>
		<link>https://dbtan.com/2009/10/linux-log-manager-and-item-integration.html</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dbtan]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2009 09:24:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux log manager and item integration]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://dbtan.com/2009/10/linux-log-manager-and-item-integration.html</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[一、日志服务：syslog 分为：kernel logger 内核日志； system logger 系统日志 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote dir="ltr" style="margin-right: 0px">
<p><b>一、日志服务：syslog</b>  </p>
<p>分为：kernel logger 内核日志；  </p>
<p>system logger 系统日志。  </p>
<p>[root@vm5: ~]#service syslog restart  </p>
<p>Shutting down kernel logger: [ OK ]  </p>
<p>Shutting down system logger: [ OK ]  </p>
<p>Starting system logger: [ OK ]  </p>
<p>Starting kernel logger: [ OK ]  </p>
<p>查看内核日志用dmesg命令。  </p>
<p>[root@vm5: ~]#dmesg  </p>
<p>Linux version 2.6.18-8.el5 (brewbuilder@ls20-bc2-14.build.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.1.1 20070105 (Red Hat 4.1.1-52)) #1 SMP Fri Jan 26 14:15:21 EST 2007  </p>
<p>BIOS-provided physical RAM map:  </p>
<p>BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f800 (usable)  </p>
<p>BIOS-e820: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)  </p>
<p>BIOS-e820: 00000000000ca000 - 00000000000cc000 (reserved)  <br /> [......]</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Linux USB引导盘制作</title>
		<link>https://dbtan.com/2009/10/usbloading-for-linux.html</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dbtan]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2009 08:56:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[usbloading for linux]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://dbtan.com/2009/10/linux-usb%e5%bc%95%e5%af%bc%e7%9b%98%e5%88%b6%e4%bd%9cusbloading-for-linux.html</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[一、系统启动过程： 开机→初始化BIOS→→启动引导器bootloader→→装载内核kernel→→启动in [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote>
<p><strong>一、系统启动过程：</strong></p>
<p>开机→初始化BIOS→→启动引导器bootloader→→装载内核kernel→→启动init<br />                     （GRUB）</p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>· <strong>第一步，初始化</strong><strong>BIOS</strong><strong>：</strong>设置启动顺序等基本输入输出系统。</p>
<p>MBR：Master Boot Recorder主引导分区 （512字节，0柱面、0磁头、第1个扇区）<br /> 446字节MBC：主引导代码（找可引导分区）<br /> 64字节DPT：4个16字节的主分区信息<br /> 2字节：55AA（十六进制数）表示结束。</p>
<p>· <strong>第二步，启动引导器</strong><strong>bootloader</strong><strong>：</strong><strong></strong></p>
<p>⑴ grub：/boot/grub/grub.conf配置文件<br /> # grub.conf generated by anaconda<br /> #<br /> # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file<br /> # NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that<br /> # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg.<br /> # root (hd0,0)<br /> # kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda1<br /> # initrd /boot/initrd-version.img<br /> #boot=/dev/sda</p>
<p> [......]</p>
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